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《法學論壇》2012年第四期目錄與摘要
http://m.zbhuayue.cn 2012-7-26 14:48:47 來源：中國法學會網
1.三網融合視野下刑事立法的調整方向（于志剛 中國政法大學 刑事司法學院，北京 100088）
摘要：三網融合的趨勢引發了“三屏合一”。網絡與屏幕的融合雖然給我們的生活帶來極大的便利，但是新的犯罪類型的出現，犯罪模式由“一對一”向“一對多”的轉變，也給傳統刑法理論、刑事立法和司法帶來極大的挑戰。采用傳統的思路對于刑法規范的擴張解釋并不能從根本上解決問題，傳統犯罪的整體異化更需從刑事立法層面上進行積極回應。
關鍵詞：三網融合；計算機犯罪；網絡犯罪；擴張解釋；三屏合一
Subject:The Adjust Direction of Criminal Legislation under the Perspective of Network Convergence
Author & unit:YU Zhigang (China University of Political Science and Law, BeiJing 100088,China)
Abstract：The network convergence led “three screen in one”, which has brought great convenience to our lives. However, the new types and new patterns of crime also bring special challenges to the criminal law theory, the criminal legislation and the judicial. The traditional idea of amplified interpretation does not solve the problem fundamentally, so the positive response to the alienation of traditional crime should on the level of criminal legislation.
Key words：network convergence;cybercrime;amplified interpretation;three screen syncretism
2.以刑罰威嚇誹謗、詆毀、謠言？——論刑罰權對網絡有害信息傳播的干預程度（時延安 中國人民大學 刑事法律科學研究中心，北京 100872）
摘要：網絡有害信息傳播行為，應根據法治精神進行規制。對于不同類型的傳播行為，應根據針對對象及其利益的不同加以區分對待。運用刑罰權來懲罰傳播網絡有害信息的行為人，應充分考慮刑罰權出現的正當性問題。只有給客觀的、受法律確認或者為公序良俗所認可的利益造成損害或者可能造成損害的情況下，刑罰權出現才可能具有正當性。遏制網絡有害信息傳播，應特別注意與保障言論自由的平衡。
關鍵詞：網絡有害信息；刑罰權出現；正當性；言論自由
Subject:Deterring the Defamation, Humiliation, Rumor with Criminal Penalty?——The Intervention of Criminal Justice on the Dissemination of Deleterious Information on Web
Author & unit:SHI Yan’an(Law School, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)
Abstract：To regulate the dissemination of deleterious information on web should be under the spirit of rule of law. Deferent types of disseminating behaviors should be treated by different ways according to who they affect and whose interests will be violated. The issue of legitimacy of the power of criminal penalty should be considered in the intervention of such power on the dissemination of deleterious information. Only when a objective interest protected by law or recognized by the public is harmed or seriously dangered by such information, the appearance of the power of criminal penalty could be legitimate. The liberty of speech should be guaranteed in the process of the intervention of such power.
Key words：deleterious information on web; appearance of the power of criminal penalty; legitimacy； liberty of speech
3.網絡背景下刑事立法的修正（鄭延譜 北京師范大學 法學院，北京 100875）
摘要：網絡世界具有虛擬性、公開性等特點，雖不能獨立于現實世界，但也有自身的特點。單純通過解釋傳統刑法條文，已無法規制和懲罰網絡犯罪，宜采用“漸進的立法方式”對現行刑事立法進行修正。本文建議，應對公私財物進行擴大性解釋，將虛擬物納入刑法的調整范圍；承認片面共犯的存在，以適應網絡犯罪公開性、跨國界的特點；調整刑事管轄的原則，參加雙邊及國際條約，加強國際司法協助以應對日益猖獗的網絡犯罪。
關鍵詞：網絡犯罪；虛擬性；片面共犯；財物
Subject:The Revision of Criminal Law in Perspective of Cybercrimes
Author & unit:ZHENG Yanpu（Law School， Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)
Abstract：The cyber world, independent of real world, is fictitious and open, which makes it has its own characteristic. As it is hard to regulate and punish cybercrimes only by interpreting traditional articles, it is better to revise criminal law by way of “gradual litigation”. The measures are as follows: to protect virtual objects by criminal law by broadly interpreting property; to introduce the theory of “One-sided accomplice” into criminal law while cybercrimes are always open and transnational; to adjust the principle of criminal jurisdiction, to participate bilateral and international treaties, to strengthen international judicial assistance, thus to strike the Increasingly rampant cybercrimes.
Key words：cybercrime；fictitiousness；one-sided accomplice；property
4.區域經濟一體化法制研究的參照系（葉必豐 上海交通大學 法學院，上海 200240）
摘要：對區域經濟一體化中法制問題研究的科學性，取決于研究方法即參照系選擇的科學性。我國已有研究的參照系，主要有國際私法和歐盟方案以及美國州際法治協調方案。但是，從參照系功能與所需要解決任務的一致性、參照系環境的相同性和所堅持理念的先進性來說，我們應當選擇美國的州際法治協調為研究參照系。這一參照系以尊重現行憲政框架，通過法解釋挖掘法律資源為核心，是我們研究區域經濟一體化中法制問題的首選方案。在法解釋得以充分展開，成文法資源得以窮盡挖掘的基礎上，區域經濟一體化的制度需求仍得不到滿足的，我們完全可以像西班牙那樣制定統一的成文法。
關鍵詞：區域經濟一體化；法制協調；美國州際法治協調；參照系；法解釋
Subject:The Frame of Reference for Legal Study of Regional Economic Integration
Author & unit:YE Bifeng(Law School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240,China) Abstract：The Scientificity of the legal research in regional economic integration depends on its researching method, which is the scientificity of how to choose a frame of reference. The now existing frames of reference include international private law scheme, the European Union scheme and the Inter-State legal coordination scheme in the U.S. Nevertheless, the Inter-State legal coordination scheme shall be our best choice for many reasons, like the consistency of the function of the frame of reference with the tasks waiting for accomplishment, the environmental similarities of the frame of reference, and the advancement of the conceptions. The Inter-State legal coordination scheme focuses on respecting the current constitutional framework, and taking full advantage of legal resources by law interpretation. Therefore, it shall be our preferred scheme when researching legal issues in regional economic integration. If the systematic needs still could not be satisfied on condition of fully use of law interpretation and exhausting utilization of written law resources, we could certainly enact a unified statute like what Spain has done.
Key words：regional economic integration; legal coordination; the frame of reference; law interpretation
5.分權、政府間競爭與經濟發展——概念、邏輯及其批評（程金華 華東政法大學 國際金融法律學院，上海 201620）
摘要：在過去的30多年，包括中國在內的許多國家都存在通過中央分權地方政府以促進經濟發展的潮流。對相關理論和實踐的研究變得日益重要，其內容包括梳理分權的概念與類型，探究分權促進經濟發展的理論邏輯及其思想根源，以及評析分權研究中可能存在的方法論問題。研究發現，盡管分權改革得到了世界銀行在內的國際組織與許多學者的支持，但目前對于分權能否真正通過引入地方競爭機制來保護市場并推動經濟的長久發展并無定論。包括“市場保護型聯邦制”在內的諸多分權理論普遍存在對市場建設的制度環境進行過度假設的問題，如此分權與經濟發展之間的因果關系被或多或少地扭曲了。
關鍵詞：分權；地方競爭；聯邦制；市場建設；經濟發展
Subject:Decentralization, Intergovernmental Competition, and Economic Growth: A critical review
Author & unit:CHENG Jinhua （East China University of Political Science,Shanghai 201620,China）
Abstract：There has been an increasing interest in promoting decentralization research and reform in the last three decades all over the world. This essay reviews this academic and practical tendency critically. It clarifies the definition and classification of decentralization, examines historical and theoretical origins of modern proposition of decentralization for economic growth, and points out many potential methodological problems in the contemporary literature of decentralization reform. This review finds that while decentralization reform has been widely supported by scholars, politicians, and international organizations (such as the World Bank), whether decentralization is truly able to promote long-term economic growth through introducing intergovernmental competition is empirically inconclusive. In the contemporary studies of decentralization for economic growth, including the famous thesis of “market-preserving federalism,” students make too many strong institutional assumptions to find right causation between decentralization and economic growth.
Key words：decentralization; intergovernmental competition; federalism; market building; economic growth
6.論跨地區水生態補償的法制協調機制——以新安江流域生態補償為中心的思考（徐 鍵 上海財經大學 法學院，上海 200433）
摘要：跨地區水生態補償，以受益者負擔為原則，是流域下游水生態受益地區向流域上游水生態保護建設地區實施補償的一種活動。它旨在通過利益驅動機制、激勵機制和協調機制，協調地區之間的生態保護和利益沖突，最終實現保護生態的共同目的。作為跨域治理的具體形態，跨地區水生態補償主要有支配性治理和區域合作治理兩種模式。在實踐中，基于執行落差和實施范圍的限制，支配性治理模式并不高效；由于利益的高度分化，區域合作治理模式同樣面臨諸多現實困難。新安江流域生態補償機制融合了區域合作的自愿要素和來自中央政府的執行強制要素，展示了一種新的有效的跨地區水生態補償法制協調機制。
關鍵詞：生態補償；區域合作；財政轉移支付；法制協調
Subject:Legal Coordination Mechanism for the Eco-compensation of Across Boundaries
Author & unit:XU Jian (Law School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China)
Abstract：On the basis of beneficiary-pay principle, the eco-compensation of across boundaries means, the area of ecological protection gains compensation from the area of ecological benefit. The purpose of the eco-compensation is, coordinating the interest conflict between different areas and realizing the common objectives of ecological protection, with the interest drive mechanism, incentive mechanism and coordination mechanism. As an concrete form of governance across boundaries, the eco-compensation of across boundaries has two different model: dominating governance and regional cooperative governance. In practice, the implementation of these two models is not efficient. The eco-compensation mechanism of Xinanjiang River, combines the governance elements of voluntary and mandatory, and displays an effective legal cooperation mechanism of eco-compensation.
Key words：eco-compensation; regional cooperation; financial transfer payment; legal coordination
7.論我國憲法與社會主義核心價值體系建設——尋找當代中國的共識基礎（李炳輝，周葉中武漢大學 政治與公共管理學院，湖北武漢 430072；武漢大學 法學院，湖北武漢 430072）
摘要：社會主義核心價值體系建設是當代中國的一項重要時代課題，其目的即在全社會中構建起一種全新的時代共識。而要構建起這種共識，則需要通過憲法之實施加以實現。憲法中所體現的共識是社會價值的基礎，我國現行憲法中的大量規范本身也與社會主義核心價值相互重合，更重要的是，唯有實現憲法中所體現的諸多價值，社會主義核心價值體系才會具有牢固的基礎。因此，憲法實施是社會主義核心價值體系建設的必由之路。
關鍵詞：社會主義核心價值體系；憲法共識；憲法價值；憲法實施。
Subject:On the Construction of Socialist Core Value System about China’s Constitution
Author & unit:Li Binghui,ZHOU Yezhong(Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)
Abstract：The construction of the socialist core value system is an important subject of today in modern China, whose purpose is to structure a new contemporary consensus in the whole society. This consensus should be realized by the implementation of constitution. The consensus which implicated in constitution is the base of social values, and a lot of constitutional norms themselves are consistent with socialist core value. More importantly, only the realization of several constitutional values can provide a firm foundation for the construction of the socialist core value system. Therefore, the implementation of constitution is essential for the construction of the socialist core value system.
Key words：the socialist core value system; constitutional consensus; constitutional values; the implementation of constitution
8.論作為基礎區分概念的營利（李政輝 浙江財經學院 法學院，浙江杭州 310018）
摘要：社會科學的研究范式從“國家——社會”兩分法轉變為“國家——公民社會——市場”三分法，這對法律提出巨大的轉軌制度需求，營利是區分三者的關鍵線索。營利內涵具有三方面：作為目的的營利、作為過程的營利與作為結果的營利，包含了主客觀兩方面的內容。用營利內涵解析各主體，可區分為國家是絕對的非營利，公民社會是相對的非營利，而市場則是典型的營利。法律制度應做出系統性回應，以營利作為主體的區分標準。
關鍵詞：營利；營利內涵；法律主體分類
Subject:On Profit, as A Fundamental Divisive Concept
Author & unit:LI Zhenghui（Law School， Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018 China)
Abstract：The research paradigm of social science has changed from dichotomous of “Country-Society” to tracheotomy of “Country-Civil Society-Market”, which puts forward to the transformation of Legal System. Profit is the key concept to distinguish the organizations existing in Country, Civil Society and Market. The connotation of profit has three aspects: the profit purpose, the profit activities and the profit distribution that has integrated content including subjective and objective meanings. Using the connotation of profit to analyze the different sections, Country is the absolute non-profit, Civil Society as relative non-profit and Market as typical profit. Basing on such classification, the Legal System should give systematic response, applying profit as standard to the organizations.
Key words：profit; connotation of profit; classification of legal organizations
9.論我國著作權法律制度的內部協調（劉 潔 中國社會科學院 法學所，北京 100720）
摘要：我國著作權法律體系中鄰接權區別于著作權而存在，但二者的權利對象區分模糊，引起我國著作權法律制度內部的不協調。鄰接權與著作權兩者區分的根源在于版權體系與作者權體系認定作品所采用的獨創性標準不一致。以獨創性標準為最終著眼點，鄰接權與著作權權利對象屬性具有高度的統一性。
關鍵詞：權利對象；獨創性；內部協調
Subject:On the Interal Coordination of Our Copyright Legal System
Author & unit:LIU Jie（Post-doctoral Station，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing 100720，China）
Abstract：In China’s copyright legal system, neighboring rights exsit which are different from the copyright. But both right objects can’t be distinguished clearly. It causes the copyright legal system incoordinate. In this paper, after analysizing the legal relationship of copyright and neghboring rights, it is thought that two of them are distinguished because the material difference original standard of work in copyright system and the author right system . Regarding the original standard as the final point, the paper demonstrates that the objects’ attribute of copyright and neghboring rights could be unity.It is profitable to coordinate copyright legal system.
Key words：right objects; originality; interal coordination
10.利益衡量及其理論的反思——一個經濟分析的視角（張偉強 山東大學威海分校 法學院，山東威海 264209）
摘要：利益衡量理論指出，法官裁判中存在實質性判斷且也應該進行利益衡量，但它卻未能對如何進行實質裁量提供有效的標準與知識。相關標準或理論不但不具有可操作性，且遮蔽了問題的本原，容易使法官陷入“左右為難”的困境，做出錯誤的選擇。與之相對，經濟分析理論卻有助于幫助法官將實質裁量的依據集中到不同選擇的一般性社會后果上，且為后果的預測及評價提供了更為有效的知識與標準。
關鍵詞：利益衡量；經濟分析； 法官裁量；司法理論
Subject:An Economic Introspection on Interest Balancing and It’s Theory
Author & unit:ZHANG Weiqiang(Law School, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai Shandong 264209,China)
Abstract：The interest balancing theory points out that the judge has to do substantive discretion and should also do some interest balancing in some cases. But this theory couldn’t provide effective standards and knowledge for substantial discretion. The relevant standards or theory not only lack the maneuverability, but also shield the truth. It could lead judge to be in a dilemma and make wrong choices. In contrast, economic analysis can help judge to consider different general social consequences of different choices, and provide more effective knowledge and standards to predict and evaluate the consequences.
Key words：interest balancing; economic analysis; judge discretion; judicial theory
11.“臨終關懷”的法律之維——法理基礎、憲法依據與實體法規制（尤金亮 安徽醫科大學 人文學院，安徽合肥 230032）
摘要：臨終關懷是對臨終病人進行姑息性照護，而非治療性照護，關注的是如何減少臨終病人痛苦，不以延長生命為主要目的。現代人權理念的內在要求、社會契約論對弱勢群體的當然保護、法的效益價值的現實體現，是臨終關懷正當性的法理基礎。臨終關懷具有充分的憲法依據。臨終關懷必須依法進行，以確保患者的權利不被剝奪。在刑法上，臨終關懷屬于“正當行為”，但要防止以臨終關懷為理由而實施的遺棄罪和不作為形式的故意殺人罪，同時防范其他犯罪。在民法上，要規范臨終關懷的決定主體、實施條件和操作程序。
關鍵詞：臨終關懷；法理基礎；憲法依據；實體法保障
Subject:Viewpoint of Law on Hospice—— the Jurisprudence Basis, Constitutional According and Substantive Law Regulating of Hospice
Author & unit:YOU Jinliang(Law Department, Anhui Medical University, HeFei AnHui 230032,China)
Abstract：Hospice is a form of medical treatment which provide the patients with palliative care, rather than therapeutic care, and focused on how to reduce pain, rather than prolonging life . The inherent requirement of modern human rights idea, the properly protection for the vulnerable groups according to The Social Contract theory, and the beneficial value of law are the jurisprudence of hospice . Hospice has fully constitutional basis. Hospice must be operated legally in order to ensure the right of the patients. In criminal law, hospice belongs to “proper behavior”, but we must prevent crimes of abandonment and the crime of homicide of negative form in the disguise of hospice, and prevent other crimes which maybe happened in the operation of hospice . In civil law, we should regulate decision subject , implement conditions and operating procedures of hospice.
Key words：hospice; Legal basis; Constitutional basis; Substantive law guarantee
12.利用影響力受賄罪若干問題解讀（楊俊 華東政法大學 博士后流動站，上海 200042）
摘要：《刑法》第388條之一是關于利用影響力受賄罪的規定，該法條來源于《刑法修正案（七）》第13條之增設性規定，旨在從嚴預防和懲治賄賂犯罪。尤其是針對以往不具有國家工作人員身份的人[JP2]（主要是國家工作人員的“身邊人”以及離職的國家工作人員和他們的“身邊人”等）索取或收受賄賂后因懲處缺位而借以逃脫法律制裁的狀況，立法上作出了相應的改進。然而，在增設了利用影響力受賄罪這一罪名后，必須考慮其與原有的賄賂犯罪罪刑體系如何銜接與協調，特別是有必要對該罪的罪名確定、主體范圍、行為特征以及司法適用等問題進行深刻地解讀。[JP]
關鍵詞：《刑法》第388條之一；利用影響力受賄罪；罪名確定；主體范圍；行為特征；司法適用
Subject:The Decoding about Some Problems on Bribery Crime of Influence
Author & unit:YANG Jun（East China University of Political Science and Law，ShangHai 200042，China）
Abstract：The article 388 of the penal code is a legal provision about bribery crime
of influence，this legal provisions root in the incremental stipulation of the article 13 of the amendment Ⅶ to the criminal law，which wish to preventing and punishing bribe crimes sharply. Especially this legal provisions is directed against the status that those non-governmental office-holders（some “people around governmental office-holders” and leaving state personnel and people around them）are running away from justice after they asking for bribe or taking bribe owing to the vacancy of legal system，there are improvements on legislatives accordingly. However，it should be thought over bribery crime of influence join and coordinate with other bribe crimes after augmenting the charge. It’s necessary that decoding charge definition，subject scope，behavioral feature and judicial application on bribery crime of influence deeply.
Key words：the article 388 of the penal code；bribery crime of influence；charge definition；subject scope；behavioral feature；judicial application
13.土地征收補償標準的法經濟學解讀——兼論《物權法》第42條第2款及第132條之適用（郭繼 淮陰師范學院 法學院，江蘇淮安 223300）
摘要：現行法律未分別規定集體土地所有權及土地承包經營權的征收補償標準，給《物權法》第42條第2款及第132條的適用帶來了困惑。出于多方面因素考慮，集體土地征收應采取“二元化”的補償模式；基于法經濟學分析，在未設置土地承包經營權的假設下，集體土地所有權征收應以其市場交易的均衡價格作為補償標準；家庭土地承包經營權征收應分別采用年平均產值、失地農民轉業培訓標準、居民社會保障標準，作為其收入、就業及社會保障效用減損的補償標準；其他土地承包經營權征收應以延期收益損失作為補償標準；分別考量未設置土地承包經營權的集體土地所有權征收補償標準及土地承包經營權征收補償標準，即可確定已設置土地承包經營權的集體土地所有權之征收補償標準。
關鍵詞：集體土地所有權；土地承包經營權；征收補償標準；法經濟學
Subject:The Compensation Standard of Land Expropriation Law Economics Analysis——on the “property law” in forty-second paragraphs 2 and132shall apply
Author & unit:GUO ji(Law school，Huaiyin Normal University，Huaian Jiangsu 223300，China)
Abstract：The current law does not stipulate the collective land ownership and management right of the contracting of land collection compensation standard, to the “property law” in forty-second paragraphs 2 and132of the applicable brought bewilderment. Because of many factors, the collective land requisition should take “two parts” compensation model based on the analysis of law and economics; not set, the land contract management right under the assumption of the ownership of collective land expropriation, shall be based on the market equilibrium price as compensation standard; the family contracted management rights in the land expropriation should be respectively using the annual average value job training standards, farmers, social security of dweller standard as their income, employment and social security function impairment compensation standards; other contractual operation right of land expropriation should be deferred loss of revenue as compensation standards; were considered not set the contractual operation right of land collective ownership of land expropriation compensation standard and the contracted management rights in the land expropriation compensation standard, are determined to set the land contracting management right of land collective ownership acquisition compensation standard.
Key words：collective ownership of land; right to contract for management of land expropriation compensation standard; law and economics
14.農村住房及宅基地流轉制度研究（毛維國 山東農業大學 馬克思主義學院，山東泰安 271018）
摘要：農村住房及宅基地的問題是“三農”研究的重要課題。長期以來，農民房屋私人所有與宅基地使用權集體所有的矛盾十分突出，農村住房及宅基地流轉限制問題一直未能得到有效解決，造成住房及宅基地資源大量浪費，嚴重影響了農村經濟的發展。因此，加強農村住房及宅基地制度改革與創新，建立有效的農村住房及宅基地流轉機制，對于加快農村和諧發展和城鄉一體化進程具有重要意義。
關鍵詞：農村；住房；宅基地；流轉制度；權能
Subject:Studies on the Houses of Village and Exchange System of Housing
Author & unit:MAO Weiguo (Shandong Agricultural University, Taian Shandong,271018，China)
Abstract：The problems of the houses of village and the housing constitute a major subject of the village’ three problems. A number of houses and housing have been wasted due to a long strong contradiction between the belongings of the private houses and the collective housing, never resolving the problems of the houses of village and the housing, affecting the development of village’s economy seriously. So,it is an important meaning to reform and create a new system of houses and housing of the villages, establish the houses of village and exchange system of housing and fasten the harmonious development of the village.
Key words：village；house；housing；exchange system；belongings
15.論因第三人欺詐或脅迫而訂立合同的效力（冉克平 中國人民大學 法學院，北京 100872）
摘要：當事人一方因受第三人的欺詐或脅迫，與相對人所訂立合同的效力，集中地表現為該方當事人、相對人以及第三人之間利益沖突。這里的“第三人”并非當事人一方與相對人以外的任何人，而是受到特定的限制。對于一方當事人受第三人欺詐或脅迫而訂立合同的效力，應該采納《荷蘭民法典》所代表的效力模式，以相對人知道或應當知道合同一方當事人受第三人欺詐或脅迫的事實，作為合同一方當事人撤銷該合同的條件。如果遭受欺詐或脅迫的一方當事人受有損失的，可以要求第三人承擔侵權責任，賠償其全部損失。
關鍵詞：合同；欺詐；脅迫；第三人；信賴原則;交易安全
Subject:On Due to Fraud or Coercion of a Third Person Entered into Validity of the Contract
Author & unit:RAN Keping(Law School， Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
Abstract：Party due to fraud or coercion of the third person, and the validity of the contract entered into relative concentration of performance for that party, the conflict of interest between the relative and the third person.Where the “third person” is not any person other than the party with the relative, but subject to certain limitations. Validity of the Dutch Civil Code should be adopted for the effectiveness of a party by a third party fraud or duress to enter into a contract on behalf of the mode, the counterpart knows or should know that the party of the contract by a third party fraud or duress fact, as the contract party to revoke the conditions of the contract. If you suffer from fraud or duress a party by the loss, may require the third party assumes the tort liability, and compensation for all losses.
Key words：contract；fraud；coercion；the third person；trust principle；transaction security
16.非法證據為何難以有效排除——兼及中國非法證據排除的未來（郭松 四川大學 法學院，四川成都 610064）
摘要：既往的研究太多從非法證據排除規則粗疏這一制度層面解釋非法證據難以有效排除的原因，但這并不充分。從結果層面而言，非法證據沒有被排除在很大程度上意味著被采納。對非法證據難以有效排除的研究必須深入解析法官采納非法證據的內在原因。法官證據運用的形式主義化、刑法的主觀主義傾向以及司法實務部門對證明力規則的過度追求等因素，是誘發法官采納非法證據的重要原因，并由此造成了非法證據難以有效排除。在非法證據排除的問題上，我們不能僅限于非法證據排除規則的完善，還需將證據信息的供給、刑事實體法的調整、證明方法的轉換以及證據能力規則的建設等均納入視野。
關鍵詞：非法證據排除；證據運用的形式主義；刑法的主觀主義；證明力規則
Subject:Why Illegal Evidence Can Not Be Excluded Effectively——The Future of China’s Illegal Evidence Exclusion
Author & unit:GUO Song（Law School，Sichuan University，Chengdu Sichuan 61004，China）
Abstract：Previous studies mainly explained the reasons why illegal evidence could not be effectively excluded from institutional level of crude illegal evidence exclusion rule. However, the explanations are not sufficient. From the level of results, non-excluded illegal evidence means illegal evidence is adopted to a large extent. Studies on why illegal evidence can not be excluded effectively should deeply analyze the inner reasons why judges adopt illegal evidence. The formalism of evidence use by judges, the subjectivism’s tendency of criminal law, the excessive seeking for probative force rules by substantive justice departments and other factors are the important reasons induce judges to adopt illegal evidence, which results in that illegal evidence is difficult to be excluded effectively. Therefore, as for the regulation of illegal evidence exclusion, we should not only improve illegal evidence exclusion rule, but also consider the supply of evidence information, the adjustment of substantive criminal law, the conversion of proof methods and the construction of evidence capacity rules.
Key words：illegal evidence exclusion；formalism of evidence use；subjectivism of criminal law；probative force rules
17.最高人民法院的司法文件：現狀、問題與前景（黃韜 上海交通大學 凱原法學院，上海 200240）
摘要：除了制定司法解釋之外，我國最高人民法院還通過頒布各種形式的抽象性司法文件來指導甚至約束各級人民法院的法律適用活動，這一方面可以視為最高人民法院試圖在通過低成本的方式來實現法制統一的目標，但其中也蘊含著某些阻礙我國司法體制進步的消極因素，因此，需要在司法體制改革的過程中加以關注并予以有效解決。
關鍵詞：最高法院；司法文件；司法改革
Subject:The Judicial Document of Chinese Supreme People''s Court: Status, Problems and Prospects
Author & unit:HUANG Tao ( KoGuan Law School，Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200240，China)
Abstract：Besides formulating judicial interpretation, Chinese Supreme People''s Court instructs and even binds the activities of legal application of the courts at all levels by issuing various kinds of abstractive judicial documents. On the one hand, this phenomena can be regarded as an exertion of the Supreme Court to achieve the goal of uniformity of legal system, but on the other hand, some negative factors that impedes the progress of China''s judicial system can also be observed and these factors ought to be concerned and solved effectively in the process of judicial reform.
Key words：chinese supreme people''s court; judicial document; judicial reform
18.檢察機關提起民事公益訴訟之權力解析及程序構建（何燕 煙臺大學 法學院，山東煙臺 264005）
摘要：我國的檢察權是一種復合型的權力，法律監督權和公訴權是其最主要的兩種權能，這兩種權力在本質上存在不可兼容性。檢察機關提起民事公益訴訟的權力源自其公訴職能。檢察機關提起民事公益訴訟的制度構建應該首先在憲法上明確其公訴職能，并以此為據，在《人民檢察院組織法》和《民事訴訟法》中確定檢察機關在民事公益訴訟中的“公訴人”地位，設置檢察機關提起公益訴訟的特別程序。
關鍵詞：檢察權；法律監督權；公訴權；民事公益訴訟；程序構建
Subject:The Power analysis on the Prosecution filied Civil Public Interest Litigation and program construction
Author & unit:HE Yan(Law School,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)
Abstract：China''s prosecutorial power is a complex type of power.meaning The two main powers is the right of legal supervision and the right of public indictment. but these two powers can not be compatibility in essence. The right of prosecutor organization filed Public interest litigation comes from its’ public indictment power. The system of civil public interest litigation filed by People''s Procurator should make the clear understanding of the indictment functions in the Constitution firstly, and then identified the people''s Procuratorate organization “prosecutor” status and set up the special procedure in “The People''s Procuratorate Organization law” and “Civil Procedure Law” according to this.
Key words：prosecutorial power； the right of legal supervision; public indictment; civil public interest litigation；program construction
19.論過度醫療侵權行為及其法律規制（王安富 大連醫科大學 公共衛生學院，遼寧大連 116044）
摘要：過度醫療一般是指，在醫療過程中，醫師對患者的疾病實施不必要的診療措施，致使患者的醫療費用明顯超過疾病診療實際需求的醫療行為或醫療過程。過度醫療認定的關鍵，在于把握過度醫療行為與適度醫療行為的界限，并且應將其與保護性醫療和防御性醫療加以嚴格區分。從法律意義上講，過度醫療是一種發生在醫療過程中的特殊民事侵權行為，是指醫療機構及其醫務人員在醫療活動中，以獲取一定經濟利益為目的，違法實施不必要的診療從而造成患者明顯人身、財產損害并應承擔相應法律責任的行為。過度醫療侵權應適用過錯推定責任進行歸責。《侵權責任法》立法上將過度醫療的范圍，僅局限在“實施不必要的檢查”，不足以充分保護患者的合法權益，立法上應進一步做出擴充解釋。
關鍵詞：過度醫療； 過度醫療侵權行為； 法律規制
Subject:On Excessive Medical Treatment Tort and Its Legal Regulation
Author & unit:WANG Anfu(School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China)
Abstract：Excessive medical treatment generally refers to a medical act or process in which the unnecessary diagnosis and treatment measures adopted by doctors on the disease of patients, which consequently causes medical expenses to obviously exceed its actual need. The key of certifying excessive medical treatment lies in a demarcation line between excessive medical treatment and appropriate medical treatment it should be strictly distinguished from protective and preventive medical treatment. Legally, excessive medical treatment is a special civil tort in the process of medical treatment. It is an act in the process of which medical institutions and doctors illegally implement unnecessary diagnosis and treatment measures in order to gain some economic interests, thus causing the obvious damages of patients and their properties for which they are to take legal liabilities. Excessive medical tort is attributed in view of the presumption of fault. In legislation, Tort Liability Law limits excessive medical treatment to “the implementation of unnecessary examinations”, which is not sufficient to protect the legal rights of patients. Accordingly, it deserves extended explanation in legislation.
Key words：excessive medical treatment; excessive medical tort; legal regulations
20.損害賠償額之酌定：基于訴訟公平的考量（黃毅 西南大學 法學院，重慶 400715）
摘要：在損害發生得以證明，但損害大小難以證明或不能證明時，法院若判決駁回原告訴訟請求，將不符合訴訟公平的要求。為彌補這種因需完全證明帶來的不公平，德日等國家和地區在理論上和立法實踐中確立了法官損害賠償額酌定制度。我國引進該制度時，在理論上應厘清概念的含義應為“損害賠償額酌定”而非“損害賠償額認定”。在實踐中，應明確該制度的適用要件，并采取合理的酌定方法。
關鍵詞：損害賠償額酌定；證明度減輕；訴訟公平
Subject:The Discretionary of Damages: A Consideration Based on Fairness of Litigation
Author & unit:HUANG Yi (Law school, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)
Abstract：The judge will reject the plaintiffs’ claim because they are difficult or failed to prove the amount of compensation, even though the damage facts are obvious, which is not in accordance with the equity and justice of litigation. To eliminate the problems of unfairness associated with strict proof, Germany, Japan and some other countries have established a system in theory and legislation practice, which the judge has the power to make discretionary awards. We should ascertain the meaning?of the?concept in theory is discretion, not accreditation when the system introduced into China. And the essence of this system should adopt lighten the standard of proof theory. We should clarify applicable condition and adopt proper method in practice.
Key words：Discretionary of damages; Lightening the proof standard; Fairness of litigation
20.調解興衰與當代中國法院政治功能的變遷——以《最高人民法院工作報告》（1981年-2010年）為對象（鄭智航 山東大學 法學院，山東濟南 250100）
摘要：上世紀80年代以來，中國調解制度經歷了“著重調解——自愿調解——調解優先”的過程。在著重調解階段，法院具有動員人們參與有中國特色社會主義建設和法律現代化的進程，消解經濟發展帶來的民眾脫離政治依附性的離心力的政治功能；在自愿調解階段，法院具有進一步強化中國特色社會主義建設和法律現代化這一基本方向的政治功能；在調解優先階段，法院具有重新恢復民眾對于社會現代化和法律現代化信心的政治動員功能。
關鍵詞：調解；法院；政治功能；政治動員；法律現代化
Subject:The Ebb and the Flow of Mediate and Changes of the Political Function of People Court Author & unit:ZHENG Zhihang(Law School,Shandong university,Jinan Shandong 250100,China)
Abstract：Since 1980,the mediate system has gone through the process of the ebb and the flow. In the process, at first, court emphasized the function of mediate; Some years past,it has more and more emphasized that people use mediate according to their voluntary. In recent years, it considers that mediate has precedence over judgment. At the first stage, court undertook to mobilize people to participate in the socialist cause and legal modernization. At the second stage, court has the Political Function that it strengthens the basic direction of the socialist cause and legal modernization. At the third stage, court must to resume people’s faith of socialist cause and legal modernization.
Key words：Mediate; Court; Political function; Political mobilize; legal modernization
日期：2012-7-26 14:48:47 | 關閉 | 分享到：