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《法學論壇》2012年第一期目錄與摘要

http://m.zbhuayue.cn　 2012-7-24 14:51:48　 來源：中國法學會網(wǎng)

1 、法治文化的幾個理論問題  劉作翔（中國社會科學院法學研究所）;  
【摘要】 黨的十七屆六中全會強調(diào)文化建設,將推進法律文化、法治文化的研究。法治文化是指包含民主、人權(quán)、平等、自由、正義、公平等價值在內(nèi)的人類優(yōu)秀法律文化類型;法治文化由表層結(jié)構(gòu)和深層結(jié)構(gòu)組成,前者包括法律規(guī)范、法律制度、法律組織機構(gòu)、法律設施等,后者包括法律心理、法律意識、法律思想體系。法治文化就是法律的意識形態(tài)和與其相適應的社會制度和組織機構(gòu)。一般來說,觀念支配行為,思想決定行動,而良好的制度和規(guī)范又影響和塑造著人們的思想觀念體系。法治文化建設就是制度性文化建設與觀念性文化建設的結(jié)合和互動。法治文化建設既應該高度重視法律制度的建設,也要高度重視對公民觀念的塑造和提高。
【Abstract】 The sixth plenary session of 17 th of CPC emphasis cultural construction, it will promote the researches on legal culture and law culture.Legal culture and law culture is difference, law culture is human excellent law culture type that contains many values such as democracy, human rights, equality,freedom,justice etc.. Law culture is formed by surface structure and deep structure, the former includes legal standard,legal system, legal organization, and law facilities etc. The later includes legal psychological,legal consciousness,legal thought system.Law culture is ideology and its social system and organization.Generally,the idea controls behavior, the thought decided action, good system and regulate influence and shape people’s thought system. Law culture construction is combination and interaction of institutional of culture construction and conception of culture construction. Law culture construction should pay high attention to the construction of legal system, also should attach great importance to shape and improve citizen ideas.
 
【關鍵詞】 形式法治； 實質(zhì)法治； 法律文化； 法治文化； 文化結(jié)構(gòu)；
【Key words】 formal rule by law； substantial rule by law； legal culture,； law culture； cultural structure；
 
2 、社會主義法治理念:中國百年法治文化的第三波  喻中（四川大學法學院）; 
【摘要】 法治文化當于百年前后論升降。從辛亥革命前后開始興起的百年中國的法治文化大潮,依次涌現(xiàn)出了三股此起彼伏的波瀾。法治文化的第一波,是20世紀初期開始的國家主義法治理念,其核心價值是國家富強。第二波是20世紀80年代開始的自由主義法治理念,其核心價值是個人自由。2006年正式提出的社會主義法治理念,作為超越于國家主義法治理念與自由主義法治理念的法治文化形態(tài),代表了中國百年法治文化的第三波,其核心價值是公平正義與社會和諧。百年中國先后興起的三波法治文化大潮,其演進規(guī)律,恰好體現(xiàn)了百年中國的法治文化從"正題"到"反題"再到"合題"的辯證法。
【Abstract】 Legal culture should be studied around one hundred years. After the 1911,three waves of tide of legal culture break out. The first wave of legal culture is the legal idea of nationalism that emerged in the beginning of 20th century and its core value is a country rich and strong. The second wave is the legal idea of liberalism that emerged in the 1980 and its core value is liberty. The third wave is the socialism legal idea emerged in 2006 and its core value is fairness and justice and social harmony. The evolution rule of three waves of legal culture embodies the dialectics.
 
【關鍵詞】 法治文化、國家主義法治； 自由主義法治； 社會主義法治； 第三波；
【Key words】 legal culture； legal idea of nationalism； legal idea of liberalism； socialism legal idea； the third wave；
 
3 、論文化權(quán)利的憲法保護  莫紀宏（中國社會科學院法學研究所）;   
【摘要】 公民的文化權(quán)利與公民所享有的政治、經(jīng)濟和社會權(quán)利一樣,都是公民作為國家和社會主人翁所必須享有的法律利益。我國是社會主義國家,保護公民權(quán)利是社會主義事業(yè)一貫的宗旨。從憲法角度來保障公民的文化權(quán)利,最主要的是應當加強相關的制度建設。應當在憲法文本中明確文化權(quán)利的基本權(quán)利憲法地位,明確國家和政府在保障文化權(quán)利方面應當承擔的職責或義務,加強對文化權(quán)利的平等性的保護以及應當制定文化基本法律,來保障文化權(quán)利的實現(xiàn)真正做到有法可依。
【Abstract】 The culture rights of citizens are legal interest must be enjoyed by citizens who are as the master of country and society, as well as political, economic and social rights are enjoyed by citizens. China is a socialist country,protecting of citizens’ rights is a consistent aim of socialist cause.From the angle of constitution,guaranting citizens culture rights, should strengthen the system construction related. In the constitutional text, should make clear basic constitutional status for cultural rights, clear the duty and obligation by state and the government in the protection of cultural rights, strengthen the protection of equality of cultural rights and should formulate the basic legal culture, to ensure the realization of the cultural rights.
 
【關鍵詞】 文化權(quán)利； 憲法保護； 經(jīng)濟； 社會和文化權(quán)利國際公約；
【Key words】 cultural rights protection constitution； economic； social； and cultural rights international convention；
 
4 、文化法的定位、原則與體系  肖金明（山東大學法學院）;  
【摘要】 文化法屬于社會法的范疇,旨在保障公民文化權(quán)益的實現(xiàn)和滿足人民群眾精神生活需要。建立公民文化權(quán)利與政府責任之間的關聯(lián)性,確立和維護產(chǎn)業(yè)文化與事業(yè)文化形態(tài),促進文化體制改革、社會核心價值體系建設和文化繁榮發(fā)展,需要加強文化法治建設。文化法治建設應當遵循文化權(quán)利保障、政府主導與公眾參與結(jié)合、市場化與政府規(guī)制協(xié)調(diào)以及綜合效益原則,構(gòu)建由憲法文化權(quán)利與憲法文化政策兩塊堅實基石、文化事業(yè)法制與文化產(chǎn)業(yè)法制兩個基本側(cè)面、中央文化立法與地方文化立法兩個對應層面、文化政策與文化法律兩個互動方面有機構(gòu)成的文化法制體系。
【Abstract】 Cultural law is the scope of social law, in order to protect the cultural rights of citizens and meet the people’s spiritual needs. It need to strengthen the establishment of cultural law in order to establish the correlation between of citizens cultural rights and government responsibility, establish and maintain the patterns of industrial culture, promote the reform of cultural system, the core value system of social and cultural prosperity development. The establishment of culture law should be followed the principles of protecting cultural rights, public participation in government-led integration, market-oriented and government regulation coordination, comprehensive benefits, build the cultural legal system that is be composed by two solid foundation of the constitution cultural rights and the constitution cultural policies, two the basic side of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, two corresponding levels of the central cultural legislation and local cultural legislation, two interaction aspects of cultural policy and cultural law.
 
【關鍵詞】 文化法； 法律屬性； 立法原則； 法制體系；
【Key words】 culture law； legal property； legislative principles； legal system；
 
5 、分配正義與收益公正分配  張東（北京大學法學院）;  
【摘要】 收益公正分配是轉(zhuǎn)型時期社會公正的重要維度,維系人權(quán)保護、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、社會穩(wěn)定與國家治理,蘊涵著分配正義理論。多種因素決定經(jīng)濟法分配正義是復合正義,強化在市場分配機制基礎上的國家再分配職能,以促進社會基本結(jié)構(gòu)的公正。經(jīng)濟法分配正義理論通過奠定收益分配之理論基礎,提供收益分配之制度屬性的路徑促進收益公正分配,進而實現(xiàn)以社會公正為中心的可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,推動中國社會順利轉(zhuǎn)型。而以分配正義為衡量尺度,我國收益分配制度需要進一步完善。
【Abstract】 Fair distribution of gains is the important dimension of social justice in the social transformation period, which is crucial to human rights protection, economic development, social stability and government governance, and contains distributive justice theory. Many factors decide the distributive justice of economic Law is compound justice theory, which emphasizes redistribution functions of government on the basis of market distribution mechanism to promote the justice of the basic structure of society. Distributive justice theory of economic Law promotes fair distribution of gains through forming the foundation and providing legal attribute for distributive of gains, and in turn achieves sustainable development with social justice as the center, drives society transition of China smoothly. China’s legal institutions of gains distribution, need further improvement by distributive justice standards.
 
【關鍵詞】 經(jīng)濟法； 社會公正； 分配正義； 收益分配； 法治與發(fā)展；
【Key words】 economic law； social justice； eistributive justice； distribution of gains； role of law and development；
 
6 、論我國土地征收收益分配制度改革  劉國臻（華南理工大學法學院）;   
【摘要】 自上世紀我國實行土地統(tǒng)征和有償使用制度以來,土地征收收益分配制度的缺陷日益凸顯,表現(xiàn)在:農(nóng)民集體和農(nóng)民未能分享土地征收過程中產(chǎn)生的發(fā)展性利益;土地征收補償標準太低;土地收益分配集中于市、縣人民政府。究其成因在于:沒有解決動態(tài)土地權(quán)利的制度安排;土地征收補償機制不能適應市場經(jīng)濟新體制;"土地財政"的利益驅(qū)動。破除上述缺陷的改革思路為:建立土地發(fā)展權(quán)制度;遵循市場規(guī)則,改革土地征收補償方式;增加中央土地收益分配比例,理順土地收益分配關系。
【Abstract】 Since last century, the deficiencies of land expropriation profit distribution have become increasingly prominent with the system of land unified expropriation and paid use. They show as follows: Firstly, collective farmers and peasantries are unable to share the developed interests in the course of land expropriation.Secondly,it’s too low for the land expropriation compensation.Thirdly,land profit distribution focuses on the city and district governments. There are some reasons. First of all, it doesn’t solve the problem of dynamic land rights system.Second,the land expropriation compensation mechanism can’t adapt to market economic system. At last, it is driven by "land finance”. In order to get rid of the defects of the reform, it’s essential to establish the land developed rights system, follow the market rules and reform the land expropriation compensation. What’s more, it’s helpful to increase the proportion of central distribution of land revenue and rationalize the relationship of land profit distribution.
 
【關鍵詞】 土地征收； 收益分配； 土地補償； 產(chǎn)值倍數(shù)法；
【Key words】 Land expropriation； Profit distribution； Land compensation； Method of valued multiples；
 
7 、我國國有資本收益若干法律問題研究  華國慶（安徽大學法學院）;  
【摘要】 我國于1994年開始進行國有資本收益制度改革并取得了一些成效,但從實踐來看,仍然存在收益分配范圍過窄、收繳主體不明、比例過低等諸多問題,亟需進行相應的修改完善,使國有資本收益制度在保障國家作為國有資本投資者應當享有的權(quán)益、實現(xiàn)國民收入公平分配方面的作用真正得到發(fā)揮。
【Abstract】 China has begun reforming the System of State-owned capital gains since 1994 and achieves some success. From the practice,however,there are still many other issues, such as the income distribution is too narrow, the main body of collection is unknown and the ratio of collection is too low.Hence,it needs to be modified and improved accordingly to play the real role of the System of State-owned capital gains as protecting national interests of the state-capital investors and achieving its function of equitable distribution of national income.
 
【關鍵詞】 國有資本； 國有資本收益； 國有資本經(jīng)營預算；
【Key words】 State-owned capital； State-owned capital gains； state-owned capital management budget；
 
8 、故意傷害罪新論  鄭澤善（南開大學法學院）;  
【摘要】 由于我國刑法只規(guī)定一個傷害故意,因此,當行為人出于輕傷的故意導致他人重傷結(jié)果,應當怎樣處罰,不僅在刑法理論中沒有一個統(tǒng)一的基準,在司法實踐中也是見仁見智。實施暴力行為,導致被害人重傷或死亡的,應當屬于故意傷害罪的結(jié)果加重形態(tài)。在故意傷害的情況下,即便有被害者的承諾,由于作為傷害的社會意義并沒有變更,因此,不能阻卻構(gòu)成要件的符合性。但是,基于被害者承諾的違法性的阻卻,在某種情況下可以成立。阻卻違法性的判斷,應當根據(jù)被害者處分自己身體的安全這一法益,是否具有社會相當性而進行。針對同時傷害的情況,不應認定為共同傷害。
【Abstract】 There is only one intentional damage stipulated in our criminal law.Therefore,as for the problem of how to punish a person when he causes serious injury but only on purpose of slight injury, there are no unified standards in criminal theory, and opinions differing judicial practice. Implementing violence leading to the victim serious injury of death should belong to the aggravated form of the crime of intentional injury. In the case of intentional damage, even if there are consents of victim it cannot resistant the conformance of constitutive requirements, because the social significance of damage has no change. But in some situations, the consent of victim can be ground for elimination of illegality. The judgment of eliminating illegitimacy should be conducted on whether the legal interest that the victim sanctions his body safety has social correspondence. Injury at the same time should not be deemed as common injury.
 
【關鍵詞】 結(jié)果加重； 被害者的承諾； 違法性本質(zhì)； 同時傷害；
【Key words】 aggravated consequential offence； consent of victim； he essence of illegality； injury at the same time；
 
9 、論預告登記之債權(quán)在破產(chǎn)程序中的法律地位和保障  吳春岐（中國人民大學公共管理學院）;
【摘要】 預告登記之債權(quán)與我國傳統(tǒng)破產(chǎn)法中的各項權(quán)利有本質(zhì)不同,其具有相對獨立的法律地位。預告登記之債權(quán)在破產(chǎn)程序中的保障和實現(xiàn)具有特殊的規(guī)則:在破產(chǎn)申請受理階段,預告登記排除個別清償無效原則、管理人選擇權(quán)的適用;在破產(chǎn)重整程序中,預告登記后債權(quán)受營業(yè)保護的限制,對債權(quán)的分類而言,預告登記后的債權(quán)應當單列,它具有特定的債權(quán)調(diào)整方法;在破產(chǎn)和解階段,預告登記具有對抗登記義務人之破產(chǎn)和解協(xié)議的效力;在破產(chǎn)清算階段,預告登記后的債權(quán)與一般債權(quán)和別除權(quán)的順位關系應根據(jù)實際情況具體分析。
【Abstract】 The status of the creditor’s right that has been lodged the registration of caution is relatively independent, which is essentially different from other legal rights in bankruptcy law. The safeguard of the creditor’s rights that has been lodged the registration of caution, as well as the settlement of such debt, in bankruptcy procedure should follow the specific principles, such as the principle that repaying debt separately is invalid and manager option were both excluded from registration of caution at the time the bankruptcy petition has been accepted; during bankruptcy restructuring process, the creditor’s rights is restricted by business protection after the registration of caution has been lodged, as to the classification of creditor’s rights, creditor’s right that has been lodged the registration of caution should be listed separately, because a specific debt adjusting method is applied to it; at the stage of bankruptcy settlement, registration of caution may be a valid defense against registering party; at the bankruptcy liquidation stage, the sequence of the creditor’s right that has been lodged the registration of caution, general creditor’s right and the exemption right should be formed according to the actual situation.
 
 
【關鍵詞】 預告登記； 破產(chǎn)程序； 法律地位； 債權(quán)保障；
【Key words】 registration of caution； bankruptcy procedure； legal status； safeguard of the creditor’s right；
 
10 、我國能動司法若干問題的思考  劉政（南京理工大學人文與社會科學院）;  
【摘要】 在當今中國實行能動司法,面臨著司法能動與司法克制兩種不同司法理念的爭論,這場爭論直接關系到我國司法體制改革與司法制度建設的歷史進程。歷史要求我們在中國司法語境下,從法學理論與法律實踐的結(jié)合上,客觀分析能動司法的比較優(yōu)勢,科學做出能動司法的模式選擇,深入研究適度能動司法的價值取向。在此基礎上,積極探尋我國能動司法的合理途徑和科學方式。
【Abstract】 Building the active justice in modern China, have faced the concept debate between judicial activism and judicial restraint, this debate is directly related with the process of development and reform of our judicial system. Now requires us to analysis the comparative advantage of building active justice and research it’s operating mode and value orientation under the China’s judicial surrounding and legal theory and practice.Then,find the rational way of building China’s active justice.
 
【關鍵詞】 能動司法； 比較優(yōu)勢； 模式選擇； 價值取向；
【Key words】 active justice； comparative advantage； mode selection； value orientation；
 
11 、惡意欠薪罪若干問題探究  姜濤（南京師范大學法學院）;
【摘要】 把《刑法修正案(八)》第41條新增設的罪名定位為惡意欠薪罪,不僅更為形象、生動與簡潔,更加符合本罪的犯罪構(gòu)成,而且還能夠全面反映本罪的本質(zhì)屬性。惡意欠薪罪的現(xiàn)有立法規(guī)定尚有不明確之處或根本性缺陷,應予以解釋或改進。其中,應把本罪的主觀方面解釋為"惡意",把本罪的客觀方面限定為"情節(jié)犯",以合理劃定本罪的犯罪圈。同時,還應舍棄客觀的處罰條件,而采用一種二元化犯罪模式,以有效遏制惡意欠薪行為。
【Abstract】 The crime new added by article 41 of Amendment of Criminal Law(8) should be named the Crime of malicious wage, which is not only more image, vivid and concise, and in line with the crime constitution, but also able to comprehensively reflect the essential attribute of this crime. As far as current legislation of the crime of malicious wage is concerned, there are some undefined places and fundamental flaws, so it should be interpreted or improved effectively. Among them, the subjective aspect of the crime of malicious wage should be interpreted as "malicious”, the objective aspect of the crime of malicious wage should be limited to "circumstance crime”, so as to delimit its crime circle reasonably.Meanwhile,they still should abandon objective punishment condition, instead adopt dualization crime pattern,so as to contain the behavior of malicious wage effectively.
 
【關鍵詞】 惡意欠薪罪； 情節(jié)犯； 二元化犯罪模式； 《刑法修正案(八)》；
【Key words】 the crime of malicious wage； dualization crime pattern； amendment of criminal law(8)；
 
12 、公用事業(yè)民營化探討——基于公法學的思考  王鍇（北京航空航天大學法學院）;  
【摘要】 公用事業(yè)的民營化已經(jīng)成為公共行政領域的一個新浪潮。在我國,公用事業(yè)的民營化具有合憲性和行政法上的理論基礎,但同時憲法的規(guī)定和行政法的原理也為公用事業(yè)民營化設定了界限。現(xiàn)行的公用事業(yè)民營化主要采用簽訂特許經(jīng)營協(xié)議的方式來完成,這種特許經(jīng)營協(xié)議屬于行政法上的行政合同,可以通過行政訴訟的方式來救濟。
【Abstract】 Privatizing of public utility has been a tide in the field of public administration. In China, privatizing of public utility has a theoretic base in constitutional law and administrative law.However,the article of constitutional law and administrative law threw a limit on privatizing of public utility. At present, privatizing of public utility comes to true mostly by a contract licensing to manage. The contract licensing to manage belongs to a kind of administrative contract, which is remedied by the administrative litigation.
 
【關鍵詞】 公用事業(yè)； 民營化； 基本國策； 行政合同；
【Key words】 public utility； privatizing； the basic national policy； administrative contract；
 
13 、公訴權(quán)與被害人權(quán)利之沖突及衡平——以身份關系因素為視角  蘇琳偉（廈門大學法學院）;
【摘要】 刑事訴訟打擊犯罪和保障人權(quán)的雙重目的雖然成為通說,但解決人類沖突糾紛的最根本任務卻容易被忽略。刑事訴訟制度發(fā)展過程中,被害人的地位與權(quán)利經(jīng)歷著起伏的過程,即使如今已受到重視,但被害人的程序參與權(quán)仍是一大難題。以牽涉身份關系的刑事案件作為探討公訴權(quán)邊界問題的特定場域具有重要的實踐意義,對于公訴權(quán)自身的完善和化解社會矛盾均具有積極推動作用。
【Abstract】 Though it is accepted that the aims of criminal procedure consist of protecting rights and attacking crimes, its essential mission of conflict resolution is always neglected. There are fluctuations in the developing history of victim’s status.Nowadays,it is a tickler to put the victim’s right of taking part in the criminal procedure into affect. It will be full of practical significance to study the borderline problem of public prosecution’s power basing on cases involving personal relationship. It will also bring motivations to public prosecution’s power and resolution of social conflict.
 
【關鍵詞】 社會矛盾化解； 起訴替代措施； 公共利益審查；
【Key words】 resolution of social conflict； measures instead of prosecution； public interest examination；
  
 
14 、用益物權(quán)客體范圍的三維考察——兼評我國《物權(quán)法》第117條  李康寧（西南政法大學民商法學院）; 
【摘要】 比較法考察表明,在土地吸附建筑物的不動產(chǎn)理念下,用益物權(quán)以土地為核心而設定,以在建筑物、動產(chǎn)和權(quán)利上設立役權(quán)、用益權(quán)、使用權(quán)等立法技術處理為輔助,形成客體范圍寬泛的財產(chǎn)用益權(quán)利體系。在土地和建筑物各為獨立的不動產(chǎn)的理念下,用益物權(quán)只在不動產(chǎn)上設定。用益物權(quán)的客體范圍取決于對用益物權(quán)的制度模式選擇與立法技術安排。我國用益物權(quán)制度的一般規(guī)定和具體權(quán)利之間、具體權(quán)利和物權(quán)法定原則之間均存在邏輯矛盾和法理沖突。功利性的文義解釋掩飾邏輯矛盾,對把握法律真義造成誤導。立法機關應當維護不動產(chǎn)概念內(nèi)涵在物權(quán)法體系上的一致性,對用益物權(quán)的制度模式重新做出選擇,在立法技術上對現(xiàn)行法規(guī)定之謬誤進行補救。
【Abstract】 The study of comparative law shows that under the idea of building adsorbed by land, land is taken as the core of usufructuary right.Buildings,movable properties and rights are auxiliary to usufructuary right.The scope of the objects of usufruct is broad. But under the idea of land and buildings are independent real estates respectively, usufructuary right only sets on real estate. The scope of the objects of usufructuary right depends on the usufruct system model and legislative technical arrangements. In part III of Chinese Real Right Law, logical contradiction exists between general provisions and specific rights, and legal conflict also exists between specific rights and the legal principle of real right. Utilitarian interpretation of the letters covers up the logical contradiction and leads to the misunderstanding of the true meaning of the law. The legislature should uphold the consistency concept of real estate in the Real Right Law,re-select the system mode of usufructuary right and remedy the legislative technical errors.
 
【關鍵詞】 用益物權(quán)客體； 不動產(chǎn)； 土地； 建筑物； 人役權(quán)； 用益權(quán)；
【Key words】 objects of usufructuary right； real estate； land； building； easement； usufruct；
 
 
15 、重復供述的排除規(guī)則研究  謝小劍（江西財經(jīng)大學法學院）;  
【摘要】 如果能夠證明初次供述涉嫌用非法手段獲取,此后在合法的訊問程序下作出若干份相似的再次供述是否應當排除,是非法證據(jù)排除必須解決的問題。排除重復供述的標準在于非法行為與重復供述的聯(lián)系密切程度,應當運用"五步排除法"權(quán)衡。
【Abstract】 If you can prove that the initial confessions obtained by illegal means,after that,the number of statements which gotten in legal interrogation procedures similar to the first confessions, whether them should be excluded, it is a problem which must be solved with Exclusionary Rule. The standard of eliminating repeated statement is the closely level of the relation between illegal acts and repeated confessions. In my opinion, it should use "five-step process of elimination" to balance and consider the main factors, such as the subject of interrogate, stage of procedure, the interval of time, the illegal level, the degree of dilution and so on.
 
【關鍵詞】 重復供述； 非法證據(jù)； 訊問筆錄； 毒樹之果；
【Key words】 repeated statements； illegal evidence； interrogation record； fruit of the poisonous tree；
 
16 、論我國刑罰理論研究中的四個誤區(qū)——刑罰目的一元論之提出  王剛（武漢大學法學院）;  
【摘要】 我國刑罰理論研究中存在四個誤區(qū):混淆了刑法目的與刑罰目的;對刑罰目的的含義理解錯誤;把一般預防當作刑罰目的;把報應當作刑罰目的。通過對這四個誤區(qū)的厘清,可以得出以下結(jié)論:刑法目的與刑罰目的是兩個不同的概念;刑罰目的,是指國家通過適用和執(zhí)行刑罰所期望達到的目標;一般預防是刑法目的,不是刑罰目的;報應是刑罰的本質(zhì),不是刑罰目的;刑罰的目的是特殊預防。
【Abstract】 Four misunderstandings exists in the research of punishment theory in China, they are confusing the purpose of criminal law and the purpose of punishment; misunderstanding the concept of the purpose of criminal law; treating the general prevention as the purpose of punishment and treating retribution as the purpose of punishment. Through the clarification of these four misunderstandings can we draw the following conclusions: the purpose of punishment and the purpose of criminal law are two different concepts; the purpose of punishment is the objective of the application and enforcement of punishment by States; general prevention is the purpose of criminal law and not the purpose of punishment; retribution is the essence of punishment and not the purpose of punishment; the purpose of punishment is special prevention.
 
【關鍵詞】 刑法目的； 刑罰目的； 一般預防； 特殊預防； 報應；
【Key words】 the purpose of criminal law； the purpose of punishment； four misunderstandings； general prevention； special prevention； retribution；
 
17 、產(chǎn)品缺陷責任主體的確定——以美國法為主要考察對象  劉宏渭（山東大學法學院）; 
【摘要】 產(chǎn)品缺陷責任主體,是指當缺陷產(chǎn)品致人損害時,應承擔相應的民事責任的主體。美國法對產(chǎn)品責任主體的規(guī)定著眼于"商業(yè)性的銷售者",通過《侵權(quán)法重述》和判例,逐步擴展了商業(yè)性銷售者的范圍。而產(chǎn)品缺陷責任主體正是以營利為目的從事營利性行為的商主體,確認產(chǎn)品責任之責任主體的依據(jù)恰是商法效益至上與民法追求公平這二者之間的博弈。
【Abstract】 The persons liable for product defect are those who should bear their respective civil liability if a defective product causes property damage or physical injury to others. According to law in American, the persons liable for product defect refer to any sellers in the business whose scope was gradually expanded by Restatement of the Tort Law and prejudication.If we view the issue from a different perspective, the persons liable for product defect are just commercial subjects who are undertaking profit-making activities? In order to seek profits,and the very foundation as which regarded product liability is the game playing between supremacy of benefit in business law and following fairness in civil law.
 
【關鍵詞】 產(chǎn)品缺陷； 責任主體； 商主體；
【Key words】 product defect； persons liable； commercial subject；
 
 
18 、對突破合同相對性原則的再認識——兼及對《德國民法典》第359條之借鑒  徐靜（南京大學法學院）;  
【摘要】 合同是相對人之間的法律,對雙方當事人具有拘束力。當兩合同在經(jīng)濟上具有整體聯(lián)系時,其中一合同當事人違約,引致同時處于兩合同中的另一當事人在另一合同中違約,后者可以前者違約的事實作為其違約的抗辯理由,該情形實質(zhì)上是突破合同相對性原則的新類型。目前,所有突破合同相對性的理論和立法均未涵蓋該情形,實踐中已有支持該抗辯理由的法院裁決。如何使該裁決正當化?以德國法中的關聯(lián)合同制度及我國最高人民法院《關于審理商品房買賣合同糾紛案件適用法律若干問題的解釋》第23條、第24條、第25條為中心,挖掘制度背后蘊含的價值取向,使法官的判決正當化,提出相關條文的解釋規(guī)則。
【Abstract】 Contract is the law between the parties and binds parties of contact. When there is some economic relation between two contracts, the person who both are the parties of the two contracts may invoke the non-performance of the other party in the other contract to defense one self’s non-performance in the other contract. The situation actually is the new type of the exception to probity of contract. Nowadays the legal theories don’t cover the situation, but in legal practice, there is a verdict supporting the defence.So it is necessary to interpret the circumstance in a new approach with reference to Art.359 of German Civil Code in order to justify the verdict and improve China legal system.
 
【關鍵詞】 合同相對性； 關聯(lián)合同； 經(jīng)濟整體性； 法律解釋； 擴張解釋；
【Key words】 privity of contract； relating contract； economic integrity； legal interpretation amplified interpretation；
 
19 、公司社會責任思想在職工民主管理中的理論意義及實踐  王崇敏（海南大學法學院）;馬建兵（甘肅政法學院民商經(jīng)濟法學院）; 
【摘要】 職工民主管理是我國公司法上的重要制度,其思想淵源有諸多理論,公司社會責任思想便是其中之一。就其理論意義而言,公司社會責任思想否定了個體經(jīng)濟利益和公司股東利益唯一論,有利于為職工爭取在公司中的利益地位;重視經(jīng)濟社會中的道德意義和倫理價值,為確立職工民主管理的基本原則提供了指引。但其局限性在于對職工管理關注的專注程度不夠,很難針對職工的特點抽象出一般原理進而指導職工管理公司的實踐;以公司及其管理者為出發(fā)點的單向性,不足以證明職工參與影響公司決策的正當性;沒有討論公司中不同利益群體之間的關系,因而在確定職工民主管理在公司管理中的地位時面臨著理論上的困境。
【Abstract】 Staff democratic management is an important corporate system in China. Its thought originated from many theories, one of which is corporate social responsibility. The thought of corporate responsibility possess many theoretical significances. It denies the theory that shareholder interest is unique in company, which benefits roles of staff and workers in corporate.Also,the thought emphasizes morality and ethical value in economical society, which provides guidelines on how to establish basic principles on staff democratic management.Nevertheless,there are many limitations of the thought of corporate social responsibility.It pays less attention on staff and worders management, which result difficulties in guiding staff and workers management according to staff and workers characteristics. The thought fails to prove the rightness of employee participation and influence on corporate decision-making because of its unidirectivity from the springboard of company and managers.Farthermore,corporate social responsibility has to face the theoretical predicament on defining the role of staff democratic management in corporate governance because the thought does not explore relations among various interest groups.
 
【關鍵詞】 公司社會責任； 職工民主管理； 理論意義； 困境；
【Key words】 corporate social responsibility； staff democratic management； theoretical significance； predicamant；
 
20 、資產(chǎn)證券化中的超額擔保制度研究  徐海燕;王丙輝（對外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學法學院）; 
【摘要】 在西方資產(chǎn)證券化進程中,尤其是在"后金融危機時代",超額擔保制度有助于降低投資風險,提高投資者信心,消弭金融危機的不利影響。為吸取美國金融危機的前車之鑒,我國在資產(chǎn)證券化起步階段應引入該制度。超額擔保的本質(zhì)是債權(quán)質(zhì)押,其質(zhì)押標的是將來債權(quán)。在我國現(xiàn)行法律體系下,超額擔保受制于現(xiàn)行的質(zhì)押制度和破產(chǎn)法律制度設計。我國應制定專門的《資產(chǎn)證券化法》,明確資產(chǎn)證券化的性質(zhì),并對證券化資產(chǎn)的可讓與性和出質(zhì)問題予以專門規(guī)定,從而使超額擔保制度既符合物權(quán)法定原則,又滿足現(xiàn)實需要。通過控制超額比率和設置利差賬戶,以解決超額擔保與現(xiàn)行破產(chǎn)法律之間的沖突問題。
【Abstract】 During the process of Securitization in the West, especially in the "post-crisis era”, Over-collateralization(OC) is a powerful method of credit enhancement by lowering the creditor’s exposure to default risk, improving the confidence of investors, promoting recovery of liquidity and to some extent, eliminating the negative impact of financial crisis. To draw a lesson from the U.S.financial crisis,OC should be introduced at the initial stage of securitization in China.OC is essentially a debt pledge whose subject is future claims. Under the current legal system,the main legal obstacles in conflict with OC are from Guaranty Law and Bankruptcy Law.On the one hand,"Asset Securitization Law" should be developed as soon as possible in order to clear the essence of asset securitization and elaborate transferability and pledge-ability of the original assets; on the other hand, by controlling the OC rate and establishing the spread account,OC can be consistent with the current Bankruptcy Law.
 
【關鍵詞】 超額擔保； 債權(quán)質(zhì)押； 真實出售； 破產(chǎn)隔離；
【Key words】 over-collateralization； pledge of obligation； true sale； bankruptcy remote；
 
21 、論中藥單方專利的創(chuàng)造性認定  楊顯濱（上海交通大學凱原法學院）; 
【摘要】 隨著中藥單方專利侵權(quán)案件的日益增多,如何認定一個新中藥單方是否構(gòu)成對現(xiàn)有中藥單方專利的侵權(quán),顯得尤為重要。按照我國《專利法》的規(guī)定,必須經(jīng)過"三性"認定,而新中藥單方"三性"認定的關鍵在于其與現(xiàn)有的中藥單方專利相比是否具有創(chuàng)造性。因此,盡快制定中藥單方專利的創(chuàng)造性認定標準迫在眉睫。當新中藥單方與現(xiàn)有的中藥單方專利相比使用了不同的藥用部分、不同的劑型導致給藥途徑改變、不同的炮制方法導致歸經(jīng)改變、不同生產(chǎn)方法、工藝及增加或使用不同的引藥、改變現(xiàn)有中藥單方專利的混合物組分或組成混合物組分的劑量等時,如果其能在作用同一病癥的不同類型、減少毒副作用、顯著提高療效、適應新的病癥、作用新的部位等任何一方面有所突破,就應當認定該新中藥單方對中藥領域的普通技術人員來說具有"非顯而易見性",有突出的實質(zhì)性特點和顯著的進步,具有創(chuàng)造性。
【Abstract】 With the increase of the infringement cases of the traditional Chinese medicine unilateral patents,how to identify whether a new traditional Chinese medicine unilateralism infringes the existing traditional Chinese medicine unilateral patents,which becomes particularly important.According to the requirements of our county’s Patent Law,it must go through the indenfication of creativeness,practicality and novelty,the key to the indenfication of creativeness,practicality and novelty of the new traditional Chinese medicine unilateralism lies in whether the new traditional Chinese medicine unilateralism possesses creativeness compared with the existing traditional Chinese medicine unilateral patents.Therefore,drawing up the recognized standard of the creativeness of the traditional Chinese medicine unilateral patents is urgent.When the new traditional Chinese medicine unilateralism compared to the existing traditional Chinese medicine unilateral patents uses different medical parts,different formulations leading to change of the way of taking medicine,different processing methods resulting in the change of tropism channel,different production methods,process and increases or uses different leading traditional Chinese medicine,changes the parts of components of the existing traditional Chinese medicine unilateral patents or the doses of consisting of conponents,and so on,if they have any one breakthrough in working different kinds of the same illness,cutting down the poisonous side effects,notably improving curative effects,adapting to the new illness,working new locations,and so on,so that we can say the new traditional Chinese medicine unilateralism possesses of "not noticeable" towards average technicians in traditional Chinese medicine field,have dramatically substantial characteristic and notable progress,own creativeness.
 
【關鍵詞】 中藥單方； 創(chuàng)造性； 創(chuàng)造性認定；
【Key words】 the traditional Chinese medicine unilateralism； creativeness； identification of the creativeness；
 
22 、清末法律改革何以如此艱難  黃春燕（山東政法學院法學院）; 
【摘要】 鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以后,國家處在危亡之際,清政府進行了史無前例的全方位的法律改革,開啟了中國法律近代轉(zhuǎn)型的歷史航程。由于內(nèi)憂外患的緊迫形勢,變法圖強成為第一要務,而對法律自身的發(fā)展規(guī)律關注不夠,清末法律改革進行得非常艱難。由于不是社會內(nèi)部力量的推動,而是在社會外部力量的沖擊下被迫進行的一次改革,造成了法律與傳統(tǒng)文化契合的艱難。自從清代法律改革,中國法律近代化、現(xiàn)代化已演繹百余年,直到今天,如何實現(xiàn)中國傳統(tǒng)文化與中國法律現(xiàn)代化之間的對接、契合,仍然是我們必須面對的重大理論、實踐課題。
【Abstract】 After the Opium War, China is in peril on the occasion. Qing government implemented an unprecedented comprehensive legal reform, opening the historical range of modernization of Chinese law on the transformation. Under the pressing internal and external situation, reforms in order to a strong country are the top priority, while the development of the law is not concerned, so the late Qing legal reform is very difficult. As it is not within the community forces, but in the impact of social external forces, the legal reform had a difficult fit with the traditional culture. Since the late Qing legal reform, modernization of Chinese law has lasted over a hundred years. Even today, how to achieve the fit between the China’s traditional culture and modernization of China’s law is still an important theoretical and practical issue we have to face.
 
【關鍵詞】 清末法律改革； 法律近代化； 傳統(tǒng)文化； 法律信仰；
【Key words】 the legal reform in late Qing dynasty； legal modernization； tradition culture； legal faith；
 
 

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